An Energy Storage System (ESS) captures and stores energy for later use, enhancing grid stability, efficiency, and renewable integration. ESS technologies include batteries, pumped hydro, flywheels, and thermal storage, each suited for different applications. These systems help manage peak demand, provide backup power and support frequency regulation. ESS is key in advancing sustainability and modernizing power systems by optimizing energy use and reducing reliance on fossil fuels.

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Optimal Sizing and Operation of Energy Storage for Demand Charge Management and PV Utilization

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This paper presents a method to determine optimal energy and power capacity of distributed Energy Storage Systems (ESS) in behind-the-meter applications to maximize local Photovoltaic (PV) utilization or minimize Demand Charge (DC) cost. The problem is solved as a multi-objective optimization model to obtain a set of Pareto optimal solutions for each scenario in each month. An approach is then presented to map the monthly Pareto fronts into a single yearly Pareto front. A cost benefit analysis has also been carried out to show the compromise between PV utilization, DC cost, and ESS cost.

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