Optical Sensing refers to the use of optical principles and technologies to capture, measure, and analyze physical or chemical properties of the surrounding environment. Optical sensing systems leverage the interaction of light with materials to obtain information about the characteristics of objects, substances, or phenomena. Optical sensing technologies continue to advance, leading to innovations in diverse fields and contributing to the development of more efficient, accurate, and versatile sensing systems.

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Optical orbital angular momentum analogy to the Stern-Gerlach experiment

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Symmetry breaking has been shown to reveal interesting phenomena in physical systems. A notable example is the fundamental work of Otto Stern and Walther Gerlach [Stern and Zerlach, Z. Physik 9, 349 (1922)] nearly 100 years ago demonstrating a spin angular momentum (SAM) deflection that differed from classical theory. Here we use non-separable states of SAM and orbital angular momentum (OAM), known as vector vortex modes, to demonstrate how a classical optics analogy can be used to reveal this nonseparability, reminiscent of the work carried out by Sternand Gerlach. We show that by implementing a polarization insensitive device to measure the OAM, the SAM states can be deflected to spatially resolved positions.

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Wavelength Modulation Spectroscopy Enhanced by Machine Learning for Early Fire Detection

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We proposed and demonstrated a new machine learning algorithm for wavelength modulation spectroscopy to enhance the accuracy of fire detection. The result shows more than 8% of accuracy improvement by analyzing CO/CO 2 2f signals.

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