Sparsh Garg NEC Labs AmericaSparsh Garg is a Senior Associate Researcher in the Media Analytics Department at NEC Laboratories America. He received his MS in Computer Science and Engineering from Santa Clara University and his BTec in Electronics and Communications Engineering from Manipal Institute of Technology.

At NEC, his research focuses on leveraging LLMs and VLMs to design autonomous AI agents capable of orchestrating and automating the full lifecycle of AI models, from data processing to deployment. He designs efficient and scalable learning algorithms for visual AI, with applications in object detection, person re-identification, video summarization, and perception models for complex, dynamic environments.

His work addresses critical challenges such as adapting to new domains, learning from diverse and often conflicting datasets, and handling rare or previously unseen objects—capabilities essential for ensuring AI reliability in real-world deployments. He develops methods that integrate semantic segmentation, multi-modal learning, and architecture optimization to create models that are not only high-performing but also computationally efficient and interpretable. This balance allows NEC’s visual AI platforms to deliver accurate, explainable results in time-sensitive and safety-critical contexts, from autonomous systems to large-scale video analytics. By combining deep technical innovation with practical deployment considerations, his research strengthens NEC’s ability to deliver AI solutions that operate robustly across varied conditions and evolving operational environments.

Posts

AutoScape: Geometry-Consistent Long-Horizon Scene Generation

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This paper proposes AutoScape, a long-horizon driving scene generation framework. At its core is a novel RGB-D diffusion model that iteratively generates sparse, geometrically consistent keyframes, serving as reliable anchors for the scenes appearance and geometry. To maintain long-range geometric consistency, the model 1) jointly handles image and depth in a shared latent space, 2) explicitly conditions on the existing scene geometry (i.e., rendered point clouds) from previously generated keyframes, and 3) steers the sampling process with a warp-consistent guidance. Given high-quality RGB-D keyframes, a video diffusion model then interpolates between them to produce dense nd coherent video frames. AutoScape generates realistic and geometrically consistent driving videos of over 20 seconds, improving the long-horizon FID and FVD scores over the prior state-of-the-art by 48.6% and 43.0%, respectively.

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Mapillary Vistas Validation for Fine-Grained Traffic Signs: A Benchmark Revealing Vision-Language Model Limitations

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Obtaining high-quality fine-grained annotations for traffic signs is critical for accurate and safe decision-making in autonomous driving. Widely used datasets, such as Mapillary, often provide only coarse-grained labels without distinguishing semantically important types such as stop signs or speed limit signs. To this end, we present a new validation set for traffic signs derived from the Mapillary dataset called Mapillary Vistas Validation for Traffic Signs (MVV), where we decompose composite traffic signs into granular, semantically meaningful categories. The dataset includes pixel-level instance masks and has been manually annotated by expert annotators to ensure label fidelity. Further, we benchmark several state-of-the-art VLMs against the self-supervised DINOv2 model on this dataset and show that DINOv2 consistently outperforms all VLM baselines not only on traffic sign recognition, but also on heavily represented categories like vehicles and humans. Our analysis reveals significant limitations in current vision-language models for fine-grained visual understanding and establishes DINOv2 as a strong baseline for dense semantic matching in autonomous driving scenarios. This dataset and evaluation framework pave the way for more reliable, interpretable, and scalable perception systems. Code and data are available at: https://github.com/nec-labs-ma/relabeling

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Sparsh Garg Presents Mapillary Vistas Validation for Fine-Grained Traffic Signs at DataCV 2025

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Our Sparsh Garg, a Senior Associate Researcher in the Media Analytics Department, will present “Mapillary Vistas Validation for Fine-Grained Traffic Signs: A Benchmark Revealing Vision-Language Model Limitations” at the Data Computer Vision (DataCV) 2025 workshop as part of ICCV 2025 in Honolulu, Hawai’i, on Sunday, October 19th, from 11:15 am – 11:25 am.

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iFinder: Structured Zero-Shot Vision-Based LLM Grounding for Dash-Cam Video Reasoning

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Grounding large language models (LLMs) in domain-specific tasks like post-hoc dash-cam driving video analysis is challenging due to their general-purpose training and lack of structured inductive biases. As vision is often the sole modality available for such analysis (i.e., no LiDAR, GPS, etc.), existing video-based vision-language models (V-VLMs) struggle with spatial reasoning, causal inference, and explainability of events in the input video. To this end, we introduce iFinder, a structured semantic grounding framework that decouples perception from reasoning by translating dash-cam videos into a hierarchical, interpretable data structure for LLMs. iFinder operates as a modular, training-free pipeline that employs pretrained vision models to extract critical cues — object pose, lane positions, and object trajectories — which are hierarchically organized into frame- and video-level structures. Combined with a three-block prompting strategy, it enables step-wise, grounded reasoning for the LLM to refine a peer V-VLM’s outputs and provide accurate reasoning. Evaluations on four public dash-cam video benchmarks show that iFinder’s proposed grounding with domain-specific cues, especially object orientation and global context, significantly outperforms end-to-end V-VLMs on four zero-shot driving benchmarks, with up to 39% gains in accident reasoning accuracy. By grounding LLMs with driving domain-specific representations, iFinder offers a zero-shot, interpretable, and reliable alternative to end-to-end V-VLMs for post-hoc driving video understanding.

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AIDE: An Automatic Data Engine for Object Detection in Autonomous Driving

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Autonomous vehicle (AV) systems rely on robust perception models as a cornerstone of safety assurance. However, objects encountered on the road exhibit a long-tailed distribution, with rare or unseen categories posing challenges to a deployed perception model. This necessitates an expensive process of continuously curating and annotating data with significant human effort. We propose to leverage recent advances in vision-language and large language models to design an Automatic Data Engine (AIDE) that automatically identifies issues, efficiently curates data, improves the model through auto-labeling, and verifies the model through generation of diverse scenarios. This process operates iteratively, allowing for continuous self-improvement of the model. We further establish a benchmark for open-world detection on AV datasets to comprehensively evaluate various learning paradigms, demonstrating our method’s superior performance at a reduced cost.

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Learning Semantic Segmentation from Multiple Datasets with Label Shifts

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While it is desirable to train segmentation models on an aggregation of multiple datasets, a major challenge is that the label space of each dataset may be in conflict with one another. To tackle this challenge, we propose UniSeg, an effective and model-agnostic approach to automatically train segmentation models across multiple datasets with heterogeneous label spaces, without requiring any manual relabeling efforts. Specifically, we introduce two new ideas that account for conflicting and co-occurring labels to achieve better generalization performance in unseen domains. First, we identify a gradient conflict in training incurred by mismatched label spaces and propose a class-independent binary cross-entropy loss to alleviate such label conflicts. Second, we propose a loss function that considers class-relationships across datasets for a better multi-dataset training scheme. Extensive quantitative and qualitative analyses on road-scene datasets show that UniSeg improves over multi-dataset baselines, especially on unseen datasets, e.g., achieving more than 8%p gain in IoU on KITTI. Furthermore, UniSeg achieves 39.4% IoU on the WildDash2 public benchmark, making it one of the strongest submissions in the zero-shot setting. Our project page is available at https://www.nec-labs.com/~mas/UniSeg.

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MM-TTA: Multi-Modal Test-Time Adaptation for 3D Semantic Segmentation

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Test-time adaptation approaches have recently emerged as a practical solution for handling domain shift without access to the source domain data. In this paper, we propose and explore a new multi-modal extension of test-time adaptation for 3D semantic segmentation. We find that, directly applying existing methods usually results in performance instability at test time, because multi-modal input is not considered jointly. To design a framework that can take full advantage of multi-modality, where each modality provides regularized self-supervisory signals to other modalities, we propose two complementary modules within and across the modalities. First, Intra-modal Pseudo-label Generation (Intra-PG) is introduced to obtain reliable pseudo labels within each modality by aggregating information from two models that are both pre-trained on source data but updated with target data at different paces. Second, Inter-modal Pseudo-label Refinement (Inter-PR) adaptively selects more reliable pseudo labels from different modalities based on a proposed consistency scheme. Experiments demonstrate that our regularized pseudo labels produce stable self-learning signals in numerous multi-modal test-time adaptation scenarios for 3D semantic segmentation. Visit our project website at https://www.nec-labs.com/~mas/MM-TTA

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