Quadrature Amplitude Modulation (QAM) is a modulation scheme used in telecommunications to encode digital data in both the amplitude and phase of a carrier wave. QAM is a combination of two key modulation techniques: amplitude modulation (AM) and phase modulation (PM). The term “quadrature” refers to the use of two components (in-phase and quadrature phase) to carry independent information.

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Vibration Detection and Localization using Modified Digital Coherent Telecom Transponders

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We demonstrate a vibration detection and localization scheme based on bidirectional transmission of telecom signals with digital coherent detection at the receivers. Optical phase is extracted from the digital signal processing blocks of the coherent receiver, from which the vibration component is extracted by bandpass filtering, and the position along the cable closest to the vibration’s epicenter is recovered by correlation. We demonstrate our scheme first using offline experiment with 200-Gb/s DP-16QAM, and we report field trial results over installed fiber to detect real-world vibration events.

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First Field Trial of Distributed Fiber Optical Sensing and High-Speed Communication Over an Operational Telecom Network

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To the best of our knowledge, we present the first field trial of distributed fiber optical sensing (DFOS) and high-speed communication, comprising a coexisting system, over an operation telecom network. Using probabilistic-shaped (PS) DP-144QAM, a 36.8 Tb/s with an 8.28-b/s/Hz spectral efficiency (SE) (48-Gbaud channels, 50-GHz channel spacing) was achieved. Employing DFOS technology, road traffic, i.e., vehicle speed and vehicle density, were sensed with 98.5% and 94.5% accuracies, respectively, as compared to video analytics. Additionally, road conditions, i.e., roughness level was sensed with >85% accuracy via a machine learning based classifier.

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