Highway Incident Detection is the automated identification of abnormal events on roadways, such as collisions, stalled vehicles, debris, or sudden traffic slowdowns, using data from cameras, loop detectors, radar, or distributed fiber-optic sensing systems. Timely detection enables rapid emergency response and traffic management interventions that reduce secondary accidents and congestion. Research in this area applies computer vision, anomaly detection, and time-series analysis to achieve reliable, low-latency detection across diverse road and weather conditions.