Sensing refers to the process of detecting and measuring physical properties or environmental conditions using sensors. These sensors convert real-world data, such as temperature, pressure, motion, or light, into electrical signals that can be analyzed and interpreted. Sensing is critical in various applications like industrial automation, healthcare, environmental monitoring, and smart devices, enabling informed decision-making and control.

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Free-Space Optical Sensing Using Vector Beam Spectra

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Vector beams are spatial modes that have spatially inhomogeneous states of polarization. Any light beam is a linear combination of vector beams, the coefficients of which comprise a vector beam “spectrum.” In this work, through numerical calculations, a novel method of free-space optical sensing is demonstrated using vector beam spectra, which are shown to be experimentally measurable via Stokes polarimetry. As proof of concept, vector beam spectra are numerically calculated for various beams and beam obstructions.

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