Kunal Rao NEC Labs America

Kunal Rao

Researcher

Integrated Systems

Posts

DataX: A system for Data eXchange and transformation of streams

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The exponential growth in smart sensors and rapid progress in 5G networks is creating a world awash with data streams. However, a key barrier to building performant multi-sensor, distributed stream processing applications is high programming complexity. We propose DataX, a novel platform that improves programmer productivity by enabling easy exchange, transformations, and fusion of data streams. DataX abstraction simplifies the application’s specification and exposes parallelism and dependencies among the application functions (microservices). DataX runtime automatically sets up appropriate data communication mechanisms, enables effortless reuse of microservices and data streams across applications, and leverages serverless computing to transform, fuse, and auto-scale microservices. DataX makes it easy to write, deploy and reliably operate distributed applications at scale. Synthesizing these capabilities into a single platform is substantially more transformative than any available stream processing system.

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F3S: Free Flow Fever Screening

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Identification of people with elevated body temperature can reduce or dramatically slow down the spread of infectious diseases like COVID-19. We present a novel fever-screening system, F 3 S, that uses edge machine learning techniques to accurately measure core body temperatures of multiple individuals in a free-flow setting. F 3 S performs real-time sensor fusion of visual camera with thermal camera data streams to detect elevated body temperature, and it has several unique features: (a) visual and thermal streams represent very different modalities, and we dynamically associate semantically-equivalent regions across visual and thermal frames by using a new, dynamic alignment technique that analyzes content and context in real-time, (b) we track people through occlusions, identify the eye (inner canthus), forehead, face and head regions where possible, and provide an accurate temperature reading by using a prioritized refinement algorithm, and (c) we robustly detect elevated body temperature even in the presence of personal protective equipment like masks, or sunglasses or hats, all of which can be affected by hot weather and lead to spurious temperature readings. F 3 S has been deployed at over a dozen large commercial establishments, providing contact-less, free-flow, real-time fever screening for thousands of employees and customers in indoors and outdoor settings.

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ECO: Edge-Cloud Optimization of 5G applications

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Centralized cloud computing with 100+ milliseconds network latencies cannot meet the tens of milliseconds to sub-millisecond response times required for emerging 5G applications like autonomous driving, smart manufacturing, tactile internet, and augmented or virtual reality. We describe a new, dynamic runtime that enables such applications to make effective use of a 5G network, computing at the edge of this network, and resources in the centralized cloud, at all times. Our runtime continuously monitors the interaction among the microservices, estimates the data produced and exchanged among the microservices, and uses a novel graph min-cut algorithm to dynamically map the microservices to the edge or the cloud to satisfy application-specific response times. Our runtime also handles temporary network partitions, and maintains data consistency across the distributed fabric by using microservice proxies to reduce WAN bandwidth by an order of magnitude, all in an application-specific manner by leveraging knowledge about the application’s functions, latency-critical pipelines and intermediate data. We illustrate the use of our runtime by successfully mapping two complex, representative real-world video analytics applications to the AWS/Verizon Wavelength edge-cloud architecture, and improving application response times by 2x when compared with a static edge-cloud implementation.

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